Like-kind exchanges, that is exchanges of property used for business or held as an investment solely for other business or investment property that is the same type or “like-kind", have long been permitted under the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, if the exchange meets the requirements of I.R.C. section 1031, the taxpayer will not be required to recognize a gain or loss. If, as part of the exchange, the taxpayer also receives other (not like-kind) property or money, it must recognize a gain to the extent of the other property and money received, but can never recognize a loss. Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Section 1031 now applies only to exchanges of real property and not to exchanges of personal or intangible property.
This course will provide instruction on the requirements to qualify as a valid Section 1031 exchange, including how to calculate any gain when boot or debt is involved in the exchange. It will also cover basis consequences of section 1031 exchanges and the Treasury Regulations allowing deferred exchanges.
Publication Date: October 2021
Designed For
Tax practitioners of all levels who provide advice and return preparation involving like-kind exchanges.
Topics Covered
- Basic Requirements of Section 1031
- Deferred Exchanges
- Related Party Exchanges
- Boot and Gain and Effects of Debt
Learning Objectives
- Describe the rules for qualifying an exchange as a like-kind exchange and the definition of "like-kind"
- Recognize the effects of debt and boot on non-recognition, and how to calculate gain in context of a section 1031 exchange
- Discuss the use of qualified intermediary or escrow agent for deferred exchange
- Calculate basis of replacement property acquired in like-kind exchange
- Recognize current developments in like-kind exchanges
- Recognize within how many days the replacement property must be identified and acquired in a deferred exchange
- Identify another term for cash received during a like-kind exchange
Level
Basic
Instructional Method
Self-Study
NASBA Field of Study
Taxes (2 hours)
Program Prerequisites
None
Advance Preparation
None
Instructor
Jennifer Kowal
Jennifer Kowal, JD, has been a tax professor and the director of the graduate tax program at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles since 2003. Loyola’s graduate tax program offers an LL.M. in Taxation for attorneys and a Master in Tax Law for non-lawyers. Professor Kowal teaches courses in advanced income taxation, income tax timing issues, corporate taxation, and tax research, among others. Prior to teaching at Loyola, Professor Kowal taught in the International Tax Program at Harvard Law School.
She also practiced law with the firms of Irell & Manella in Los Angeles and Ropes & Gray in Boston, advising clients on the taxation of various business transactions, including cross-border, partnership and corporate structures. Professor Kowal holds a BS in Accounting with distinction from the University of Kansas, and a JD from UCLA School of Law, where she was a member of the Order of the Coif.